IMPROVING MALARIA PREVENTION IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED GROUPS: A PUBLIC HEALTH IMPERATIVE IN AFRICA

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu; Kenedy Kyaluzi

doi:10.22270/ujpr.v11i1.1495

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu Division of Haematology, Department of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, Africa University, Zimbabwe. Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Kenedy Kyaluzi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, St. Peter’s University, Kampala, Uganda.

10.22270/ujpr.v11i1.1495

Keywords:

HIV/AIDS, immunocompromised populations, malaria prevention, public health interventions, vector control strategies

Abstract

Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Africa, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, especially immunocompromised groups such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS, malnourished children, and patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapies. These populations are at increased risk of malaria infection, experience more severe disease manifestations, and face poorer treatment outcomes due to compromised immune function. Despite significant advances in malaria control, existing prevention strategies often do not adequately address the unique needs of immunocompromised individuals. This review explores the pathophysiological interplay between malaria and immunosuppression, highlighting how immune deficits exacerbate susceptibility and severity of malaria infections. Current malaria prevention measures—including vector control, chemoprophylaxis, and health education—are assessed with a focus on their applicability and limitations in immunocompromised populations. Key barriers such as health system fragmentation, socio-economic constraints, and emerging insecticide and drug resistance are identified as critical challenges that undermine prevention efforts. To reduce the disproportionate malaria burden in immunocompromised groups, the review advocates for integrated healthcare services, targeted vector control, expanded prophylactic interventions, and enhanced community engagement. Strengthening research and surveillance will inform tailored, evidence-based policies. Ultimately, a comprehensive and collaborative public health approach is essential to safeguard the health of Africa’s most vulnerable populations and accelerate progress toward malaria elimination.