Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

PHARMACOVIGILANCE BY ECG MONITORING: DETECTION OF CARDIAC ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AMONG DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC CLASSES

Said Salim Said — 2026-01-15

Background: Drug-induced cardiovascular adverse drug reactions, including QT/QTc prolongation, conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias, remain one of the major global safety challenges. Despite its simplicity and diagnostic value, the electrocardiogram is underutilized in real-world pharmacovigilance, particularly in outpatient and resource-limited settings. This review assesses the contribution of ECG monitoring to the detection of cardiac ADRs across major therapeutic classes.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted within the PECO framework. Detailed searches across MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature sources were conducted. Eligible studies were trials involving human subjects receiving medications, with cardiac outcomes documented by ECG. Data extractions included ECG parameters related to the study drugs, demographic data, and clinical outcomes.

Results: In studies representing more than 1.7 million patients, ECG-detected cardiac ADRs occurred in about 1.06% of the exposed, with higher frequencies among psychotropic (1.8%) and chemotherapeutic agents (1.6%). The most frequent abnormality was QT/QTc prolongation, followed by conduction delays and arrhythmias. Automated EHR-based systems (NLP+RDI) showed high performance: sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 91.8%, and a reduction in manual review workload of approximately 75%. Demographic and clinical risk factors consistently identified as associated with higher ADR risk included older age, male sex, polypharmacy, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion: ECG-based pharmacovigilance represents a robust and scalable approach toward cardiac ADR detection across diverse drug classes. Routine ECG monitoring, integrated with automated EHR-driven detection, offers a more sensitive, timely, and efficient approach to identifying ADRs, particularly in real-world, polypharmacy settings.

Peer Review History:

Received 26 September 2025; Reviewed 10 November 2025; Accepted 22 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg

Dr. Sameh Abdelmoneem Mohammed Ali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, same7_pharma18@yahoo.com

OBESITY AND THE CLOTTING CASCADE: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HAEMOSTATIC ALTERATIONS

Ibrahim Kalle Kwaifa — 2026-01-15

Obesity is linked to the disruption of haemostasis. Numerous studies have indicated that obese individuals exhibit higher plasma concentrations of all pro-thrombotic factors, such as fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and factor VII in comparison to non-obese individuals. Additionally, elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 have been studied in obese individuals compared to non-obese individuals. Moreover, obesity is marked by heightened plasma concentrations of anti-thrombotic agents, such as urokinase plasminogen activator, tissue-type plasminogen activator, and proteins C and S. The rise in these agents may be seen as protective measures to mitigate the impacts of the increased pro-thrombotic factors. The molecular connections between coagulation and fibrinolytic systems facilitate the targeted and efficient breakdown of fibrin accumulations, ensuring continuous blood flow and minimizing blood loss. The link between obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and haemostasis suggests that obesity features elevated levels of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, tissue factors, factor VII, VIII, and FX, which have been noted to promote a hypercoagulable condition. Although the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems collaborate to maintain the haemostatic equilibrium of the system, the fibrinolytic system functions to orchestrate the interactions among activators, zymogens, enzymes, cofactors, receptors, and inhibitors of fibrinolysis, facilitating the breakdown of fibrin deposits at the injury site without causing systemic negative effects. Thrombosis linked to obesity is one of the leading global health issues, and thus, continuous updates in this field are essential for improved comprehension of this treatable yet widespread condition.

Peer Review History:

Received 25 September 2025; Reviewed 3 November 2025; Accepted 18 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, s.ghaiesh@gmail.com

Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, rawah67@hotmail.com

EXPLORING VARIABILITY IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: A SYNTHESIS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDING, AND QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGICAL THEORIES

Mostafa Essam Eissa — 2026-01-15

The advancement of pharmaceutical sciences and public health is fundamentally constrained by our capacity to distinguish meaningful signals from inherent noise within complex, non-linear biological systems. Variability is an omnipresent characteristic of biological data, manifesting as fluctuating bioburden in pharmaceutical water systems, unpredictable waves of infectious disease outbreaks, and stochastic molecular interactions. This exploratory theoretical review synthesizes transdisciplinary research to bridge the conceptual gaps between industrial quality control, global epidemiology, and advanced theoretical frameworks. Moreover, we critically evaluate the application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) as robust methodologies for managing variability across vastly different scales. From the micro-scale challenges of validating disinfection efficacy against resistant microbial spores to the macro-scale patterns of COVID-19 morbidity and the emerging insights from quantitative biology, this manuscript posits that a unified analytical framework is not only beneficial but necessary. Thus, it is argued that chaotic variability in life sciences is not merely random error but often follows decipherable statistical patterns and emergent laws. A deeper understanding of these patterns enables superior predictive modeling, enhanced process control, and more resilient public health interventions. At the end, this synthesis aims to provide for a more integrated, data-driven approach to quality and health in the 21^st century.

Peer Review History:

Received 11 October 2025; Reviewed 17 November 2025; Accepted 24 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Rana Ahmed MohamedEl-Saied El-Fitiany, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt, marmarelfitiany@gmail.com

Dr. Poualeu Kamani Sylviane Laure, University of Dschang, Cameroon, poualeusylviane@yahoo.fr

MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: DIAGNOSIS, THERAPEUTIC APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Ibrahim Aliyu Bagudo — 2026-01-15

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) present unique and significant difficulties in the field of blood cancers. They originate from the harmful transformation of myeloid cells and are linked to distinct pathophysiological characteristics that require specialized diagnostic and treatment methods. The diagnosis of CML primarily relies on the detection of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, which represents a key feature of the disorder. This genetic marker not only validates the diagnosis but also guides the treatment approach. Nonetheless, AML is characterized by its genetic and clinical diversity, making diagnosis challenging and necessitating a more personalized treatment strategy. Progress in molecular diagnostics has uncovered particular mutations that can be addressed by new therapies, enabling more individualized treatment plans. Studies in both AML and CML seek to determine the shortcomings of current treatments. The main focus of research in CML involves creating next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and methods to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD), whereas in AML, combining targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and progress in molecular diagnostics offers potential for improved patient results. Trustworthy data was gathered from Tailor and Francis, PubMed, Springer, Nature, Google Scholar, MDPI, BMC, and several other relevant sources. This review explores the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, potential treatment options, and future outlook of myelogenous leukaemia.

Peer Review History:

Received 20 September 2025; Reviewed 7 November 2025; Accepted 12 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Omid Gholami, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran, omidghphd@gmail.com

Dr. O.J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, owolabi@uniben.edu

IMMUNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN TREATING PATIENTS WITH HIV AND SICKLE CELL DISEASE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu — 2026-01-15

The simultaneous presence of HIV infection and sickle cell disease (SCD) poses considerable immunological and treatment difficulties, especially in areas where both conditions are very common. HIV leads to gradual immunodeficiency by depleting CD⁴⁺ T cells and causing chronic immune activation, whereas SCD is marked by ongoing inflammation, hemolysis, and weakened immune responses. These factors together result in a complicated immune environment characterized by increased inflammation, immune fatigue, and greater vulnerability to infections. This review examines the shared immune dysregulation in HIV and SCD, emphasizing the contributions of monocyte activation, T cell impairment, and endothelial damage in promoting disease complications. We examine how persistent inflammation and immune response worsen vaso-occlusive crises, coagulopathy, and blood-related issues, making clinical management more complex. Moreover, the effects of standard therapies including antiretroviral treatment and SCD-specific therapies like hydroxyurea and transfusions on immune balance are evaluated, emphasizing possible drug interactions and immune effects.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 October 2025; Reviewed 12 November 2025; Accepted 22 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr

Reviewers:

Dr. Nkechi Obiofu Ezenobi, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, nkechi.ezenobi@uniport.edu.ng

Dr. Nagalingam Varnakulenthiren, Siddha Medicine, Unit of Siddha Medicine, Trincomalee Campus, EUSL, Sri Lanka, drvarnan@gmail.com

PHARMACOVIGILANCE ASSESSMENT OF DRUG-INDUCED BARORECEPTOR DYSFUNCTION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Said Salim Said — 2026-01-15

Drug-induced baroreceptor dysfunction represents an underrecognized mechanism contributing to cardiovascular adverse drug reactions, including reflex tachycardia, bradycardia, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, and arrhythmias. However, despite the critical role played by the baroreflex arc in short-term blood pressure regulation through rapid autonomic adjustments, pharmacological impairment of this reflex has not been systematically evaluated in pharmacovigilance systems. This review synthesizes the current evidence on drug-induced baroreceptor dysfunction, discusses the limitations of spontaneous reporting databases, identifies potential pharmacovigilance signal detection methods, and points out major gaps in current knowledge. It also discusses opportunities opened by emerging tools, such as digital health technologies, computational modelling, and real-world evidence to strengthen the early detection of baroreflex related cardiovascular ADRs. We conclude that integrating baroreceptor-specific endpoints into pharmacovigilance frameworks might improve the prediction, detection, and prevention of serious cardiovascular drug reactions.

Peer Review History:

Received 8 October 2025; Reviewed 11 November 2025; Accepted 20 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, Nada_Hazem87@hotmail.com

Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, meryilmaz@ankara.edu.tr

INTERSECTING PATHWAYS: THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIV AND FERTILITY IN WOMEN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu — 2026-01-15

Women with both human immunodeficiency virus and sickle cell disease face distinct reproductive hurdles stemming from intertwined biological, pharmacologic, and psychosocial influences. Each condition separately affects fertility due to immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, hormonal interference, and blood vessel issues, while their simultaneous presence intensifies these impacts. This narrative review examines the intricate connections between HIV and SCD in women, highlighting processes that influence ovarian function, fertility preservation, safe conception, and maternal-fetal results. Literature related to the topic was compiled from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, concentrating on research about fertility, reproductive endocrinology, management of hematologic and infectious diseases, and the effects of antiretroviral therapy and hydroxyurea. Global standards from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were included to frame clinical recommendations. HIV and SCD intersect via mechanisms such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, gonadal suppression, and chronic inflammation, resulting in reduced ovarian reserve, menstrual irregularities, and subfertility. Pharmacologic treatments, although crucial, may have cumulative gonadotoxic impacts, underscoring the necessity for fertility preservation methods. Multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate hematologic stabilization, optimization of ART, reproductive counseling, and strict adherence to PMTCT guidelines enhance reproductive results and lower the risk of vertical transmission. The convergence of HIV and SCD creates complex reproductive issues that necessitate personalized, evidence-based care. Timely preconception counseling, comprehensive clinical care, and focus on psychosocial elements are essential for maintaining fertility and safeguarding maternal and fetal health. Additional studies are necessary to clarify the lasting impacts of ART and hydroxyurea on ovarian reserve and pregnancy results.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 October 2025; Reviewed 12 November 2025; Accepted 22 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Mohammad Shaheen Khan, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, shaheenchem@gmail.com

Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, dr_samy777@yahoo.com

Message

Prof. Liliya Logoyda — 2026-01-15

On behalf of the Editorial Board, it is my great pleasure to welcome readers, authors, and reviewers to this issue of the Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. This issue reflects our continued commitment to publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research that contributes meaningfully to the advancement of pharmaceutical, biomedical, and health sciences. The rapid evolution of scientific knowledge and global health challenges highlights the importance of credible research platforms that promote innovation, integrity, and collaboration. Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research strives to serve as an open and inclusive forum for researchers, clinicians, and academicians from around the world to share original research articles, review papers, and case studies that address contemporary scientific and clinical needs. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to our authors for choosing our journal to disseminate their work, and to our reviewers for their invaluable time, expertise, and dedication in maintaining the quality and rigor of the publication process. I am also grateful to the editorial and technical teams for their continuous efforts in ensuring the timely publication of each issue. As we move forward, we encourage researchers from diverse disciplines to submit their valuable contributions and actively participate in strengthening the scientific community. We remain committed to enhancing the journal’s visibility, indexing, and global impact while upholding the highest ethical and academic standards.

I would like to extend my warm wishes for a Happy New Year, hoping that it brings good health, success, and continued scientific achievement to our global academic community.

MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURES AT THE TIME OF HARDWARE REMOVAL: AETIOLOGY, SURGICAL THERAPY, IDENTIFICATION OF POSTOPERATIVE INFECTIONS, AND ANTIBIOTIC PATTERN OF ISOLATES

Lutf Mohammed Al-Rahbi — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: A mandibular fracture, or jaw fracture, typically occurs at two sites in about 60% of cases, potentially limiting mouth opening and causing gum bleeding and misalignment of teeth. This study aimed to identify the bacterial causes of postoperative infections, the aetiology of fractures, surgical treatment, and the antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria from patients with maxillofacial fractures at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen.

Materials and Methods: The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, treated thirty patients with maxillofacial fractures from January to December 2024. They used fracture fixation hardware and conducted follow-ups six months post-surgery. The study assessed the incidence of postoperative bacterial infections at surgical sites after hardware removal, employing standard microbiological techniques for isolate identification and the Kirby-Bauer method for antibiotic susceptibility testing, alongside collecting clinical and demographic data from participants.

Results: Most fractures were open compound fractures (56.7%), all of which were mandibular fractures. For 60% of patients, open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) was the most frequently used surgical procedure. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 27 (90%) of all isolates from surgical sites, with Klebsiella pneumoniae coming in second at 30%. Three instances (10%) had no bacterial growth. Amoxicillin, augmentin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline did not work at all against isolates of S. aureus.

Conclusion: According to the survey, individuals aged 20 to 24 represented 56.7% of cases, primarily due to gunshot wounds. The bacterium S. aureus, noted for its significant multidrug resistance, was the most commonly isolated pathogen. Vancomycin emerged as the most effective treatment for Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 October 2025; Reviewed 9 November 2025; Accepted 17 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id

Reviewers:

Dr. Dina Abd Elfattah Eldakhs, Pharos university (PUA), Egypt, dina_eldakhs@yahoo.com

Ahmed Tagelsir Mohamed Ali, National University, Sudan, ahmedtagelsir7@hotmail.com

IMPACT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF Culex quinquefasciatus Say LARVAE IN THEIR BREEDING SITES IN MONO AND COUFFO DEPARTMENTS IN SOUTH-WESTERN REPUBLIC OF BENIN, WEST AFRICA

Mindégnisèa Habib Tamègnon — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Lymphatic filariasis is a disease of great public health importance. The current study aims to establish the correlation between the presence of physicochemical parameters in breeding sites of Culex quinquefasciatus and the larval development.

Methods: Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae were collected from September to November 2024 during the small rainy season and from March to July 2025 during the great rainy season in two districts of Mono department which were Lokossa and Comè and in two districts of Couffo department which were Dogbo and Djakotomey. Then, the measurements of physicochemical parameters in breeding sites were done in laboratory using a spectrophotometer DR5000. The other methods employed were: Thermometric, Potentiometric, and Electrical conductometric.

Results: The results showed that the breeding sites with higher physicochemical parameters such as: conductivity, total dissolve solids, total hardness, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity conferred the development to Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. However, there was a negative correlation between some parameters such as Turbidity and Salinity and Culex quinquefasciatus larval development. Different ions such as Ammonia, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron and Total Phosphate were present in Culex quinquefasciatus larval habitats and served as nutrient composition to the larvae.

Conclusion: The breeding sites of Culex quinquefasciatus are influenced by many physicochemical parameters and there is a relationship between the presence of physicochemical parameters in Culex quinquefasciatus breeding sites and the development of these mosquito larvae.

Peer Review History:

Received 4 October 2025; Reviewed 12 November 2025; Accepted 19 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Aya Mohammed Mohammed Essawy, MTI University- Mokattam, Egypt, aya.essawy@gmail.com

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

PREVALENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS, AETIOLOGY, ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS, AND DIETARY ADHERENCE ON OCCURRENCE OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

Sadeq S Abdulmogni — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact an estimated 150 million people worldwide each year, with diabetes making up a sizable portion of those afflicted. The prevalence and contributing variables of urinary tract infections among patients with diabetes mellitus in the medical ward at Al-Kwait University Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, were evaluated as part of the study.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-section study, 454 DM patients, referred to the medical ward at Al-Kwait university hospital clinics in Sana'a, Yemen. A urine culture was performed by collecting a clean, sterile urine sample (midstream urine) then culturing it, and isolating and identifying the causative bacteria. For collecting data, a standard questionnaire was used that included clinical, demographic, and risk factor information of UTI in DM.

Results: The mean patient age was 48.2 years, with 73.1% being ≥ 40 years old. The crude prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in diabetic patients was 21.8%, higher in males (27.03%) than females (17.6%). The highest prevalence was in age groups 30-39 years (48.2%) and 20-29 years (47.4%), while the lowest was in those ≥ 40 years (16.3%) and under 20 years (19.2%). Common pathogens included Escherichia coli (42.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (34%).

Conclusion: The study concluded that 99/454 (21.8%) of diabetic patients had urinary tract infections (UTIs). Therefore, the study recommends providing health education to diabetic patients about the causes of UTIs and how to prevent them.

Peer Review History:

Received 7 October 2025; Reviewed 14 November 2025; Accepted 13 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, Yemen, alhaddadster@gmail.com

Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, funbimbola@gmail.com

CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH LITERACY AND RECOGNITION OF RISK FACTORS AMONG NON-MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN LAHORE

Seerat Shahzad — 2026-01-15

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of global morbidity and premature mortality, with increasing involvement of younger adults in Pakistan. Despite this trend, limited evidence exists regarding the level of cardiovascular awareness among non-medical university students, a group representing a large proportion of the young adult population. This study assessed their understanding of cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and recognition of early warning symptoms.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted among two hundred non-medical university students in Lahore. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess knowledge of cardiovascular disease types, major risk factors, and symptoms of myocardial infarction and stroke.

Results: Knowledge levels varied across different domains. Nearly half of the participants were unable to identify a single cardiovascular condition, although commonly known heart attack symptoms such as chest pain were frequently recognized. Awareness of atypical myocardial infarction symptoms and stroke warning signs was comparatively low. Students demonstrated better understanding of lifestyle related risk factors including smoking, unhealthy diet, stress, and high cholesterol, whereas physical inactivity and diabetes were less frequently identified.

Conclusions: The study highlights important gaps in cardiovascular knowledge among non medical university students, particularly in symptom recognition. Strengthening structured cardiovascular education within universities and expanding community based preventive services may help improve awareness and support earlier response to cardiovascular risk among young adults.

Peer Review History:

Received 2 October 2025; Reviewed 11 November 2025; Accepted 13 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com

Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, toonitaiwo@yahoo.com

SUCCESSFUL ANTERIOR ILIAC CREST BONE GRAFTING FOR MANDIBULAR DEFECT RECONSTRUCTION: EVALUATION AND OUTCOMES USING NVBG TECHNIQUE IN YEMEN

Lutf Mohammed Al-Rahbi — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Bone grafting from the anterior iliac crest is a common and effective method for reconstructing large mandibular defects, as it provides a good source of cortical and cancellous bone. The anterior iliac crest is a preferred donor site due to the large amount of bone available, its anatomical similarity to the mandible, and the possibility of performing a two-team procedure, which reduces overall surgical time. However, potential complications at the donor site include pain, sensory changes, and gait disturbance. This study aimed to evaluate data from 11 patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction using the NVBG technique at our center.

Materials and Methods: There were eleven individuals with mandibular reconstruction. Continuity defect and non-continuity defect patients were separated. Factors influencing success were examined, including immediate repair, smoking habit, medical comorbidities, defect site and size, surgical technique, and use of maxilla-mandibular fixation. Success was defined as the preservation of the bone graft for non-continuity defects (NCD) and the continuity and stability of the bone for continuity defects (CD), as well as the absence of infection at the most recent clinical and radiographic assessment. There were two categories for complications: minor and significant.

Results: Reconstruction was successful in 12 procedures out of 13 procedures. Analyses showed that the size of the defect was strongly associated with failure. Three patients experienced major complications such as bacterial infection and non-union, and eight experienced minor complications.

Conclusion: Non-vascularized iliac crest bone grafts achieve high success in restoring continuity of the mandible in fractures caused by gunshots, bomb explosions and should be considered the first choice for defects less than 6 cm in diameter. No defects larger than 5.5 cm were recorded in current study.

Peer Review History:

Received 1 October 2025; Reviewed 5 November 2025; Accepted 11 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg

Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, vanina_edoo@yahoo.com

PREVALENCE AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY AT MPENDAE HEALTH CENTRE, ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA

Chukwuma J. Okafor — 2026-01-15

Background: Maternal anaemia is a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Tanzania, where estimates suggest that 40-57% of pregnant women may be affected. This condition during pregnancy can lead to serious health risks, affecting both mothers and their unborn children, ultimately contributing to increased complications and even higher mortality rates.

Objectives: The study aims to assess the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women attending antenatal care services at Mpendae Health Centre in Zanzibar and associated sociodemographic factors, diet, obstetric factors, and socioeconomic factors

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare facilities involving 200 pregnant women. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, obstetric history, and socioeconomic status of families were collected through structured interviews. Correlations were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: Anaemia prevalence was 84.0% (168/200). Significant dietary predictors included low meal frequency, inadequate intake of iron-rich foods (OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.50–0.65), poor adherence to iron–folic acid supplementation (OR=0.238; 95% CI 0.182–0.312), and pica (OR=27.62; 95% CI 4.01–190.28). Obstetric factors associated with anaemia were high parity, short inter-pregnancy intervals, late ANC initiation, and prior history of anaemia. Socioeconomic determinants included low household income (OR=0.137; 95% CI 0.094–0.200), food insecurity (OR=0.185; 95% CI 0.134–0.254), and limited social support.

Conclusions: Anaemia is very common and multifactorial in this group, resulting from malnutrition, pregnancy and childbirth risks, and low socioeconomic status. Therefore, interventions should include nutritional counseling, iron and folic acid supplementation, obstetric care, and structural strategies such as women's education, economic empowerment, and enhanced social support.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 October 2025; Reviewed 11 November 2025; Accepted 20 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye

Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT OSTEOSYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES ON POST-OPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN MANDIBULAR FRACTURE MANAGEMENT

Lutf Mohammed Al-Rahbi — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial fractures, typically ranking first or second after nasal fractures, the aim of the current study was to analyse the outcomes of mandible fractures treated using mini plate with and without IMF; and reconstruction plate with or without IMF.

Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study preformed for patients with mandibular fractures treated surgically in Military Hospital in Sana’a city, Yemen during a 2024. The patients divided in 4 groups in respect to treatment, mini plate with and without IMF; and reconstruction plate with or without IMF. Demographic information, systemic sickness, aetiology, fracture location, any related systemic disorders or facial injuries, kind and timing of repair, and antibiotic treatment were all gathered. Complications include infection, non-union or malunion, hardware failure, and wound dehiscence were also noted.

Results: The study analyzed 40 male patients with an average age of 26.7 years. Notably, 67.5% of fractures resulted from road traffic accidents, with fractures primarily classified as simple (50%) and closed (72.5%). Occlusion issues were significant, affecting 67.5% of the patients. In evaluating mandibular nerve injury, 62.5% of patients experienced local numbness. Treatment methods included mini-plate fixation (67.5%) and reconstruction plates (32.5%). The complication rate was 25.9% for mini-plates versus 46.2% for reconstruction plates, with wound herniation and sensory impairment being the most frequent complications.

Conclusions: The complication rates in this group are consistent with published studies, although differences may stem from the small sample size, short follow-up period, and patients' comorbidities. The involvement of experienced surgeons during regular working hours likely contributed to the excellent outcomes, and despite the challenges, most patients achieved positive results.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 October 2025; Reviewed 10 November 2025; Accepted 11 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com

Reviewers:

Prof. Syamsudin Abdillah, Pancasila University, Indonesia, syamsudin.abdillah@gmail.com

Sheima Nadim Kadhim, Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of pharmacy, University of Basra, Iraq. ph.sheimanadim@yahoo.com

IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN SOCKET WITH PERIAPICAL LESIONS: A STUDY OF THE IMMEDIATE DENTAL IMPLANT PROCEDURE IN PATIENTS WITH PERIAPICAL LESIONS IN SANA'A, YEMEN

Lutf Mohammed Al-Rahbi — 2026-01-15

Background and Aims: Immediate dental implant surgery involves inserting a dental implant into the socket of a recently extracted tooth at the time of extraction. This procedure has garnered significant attention in modern dentistry, particularly in cases of apical lesions. This study explores immediate implant placement in patients with periapical lesions, focusing on outcomes, success rates, and complications among Yemeni patients.

Methods: A clinical follow-up study involved patients who had a single tooth extracted from the incisors, canines, or premolars, divided into an experimental group (TG) and a control group (CG). Implants were immediately placed post-extraction, loaded after 3 months for the lower jaw and 4 months for the upper jaw in both groups. Ten patients with unrecoverable teeth and no periapical disorders made up the control group. Ten patients with periapical radiolucencies and pathology who showed no symptoms of discomfort, fistulas, or suppuration were included in the TG.

Results: The study involved 50% male and 50% female patients, primarily aged 40 to 48 years (55%), with a mean age of 37.1 years. A significant difference was found between the non-lesion group, which had 100% 'Free' sockets, and the periapical lesion group with 'periapical cyst/granuloma' sockets (p=0.000). The distribution of implant sites varied significantly (p=0.030), with the periapical lesion group concentrated in the maxillary left arch (70%) and the non-lesion group in the mandibular left arch (50%). Survival rates were 100% in the non-lesion group and 90.0% in the periapical lesion group. A significant reduction in mean bucco-lingual width was noted from baseline to the one-year follow-up (p=0.000*).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the current study due to the small sample size, immediate implant placement in extraction cavities with asymptomatic apical periodontitis resulted in a high success rate with stability, no increase in the complication rate, and a similar type of favourable tissue fusion.

Peer Review History:

Received 2 October 2025; Reviewed 12 November 2025; Accepted 18 December; Available online 15 January 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Wilman Ismael Carrillo Terán, Technical University of Ambato Avda, Ecuador, wilmanct@gmail.com

Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, vanina_edoo@yahoo.com